Section of Journalism failing; how do we knowledge up

Look deeper

Navel gazing is something journalism doesn't do in public. Everyone else gets the deserving stake: lawyers, bankers, real estate, but you're be hard pressed to see a piece of wood protruding from journalism.

Even the IPC (print) its regulatory body shies away from doing the deed.

No, tell a lie, we have seen glimpses of it. It's cyclic, but they manifest themselves as schadenfreude or at worst meek apologies. Thank goodness for phrases such as :"keeping your eye of the ball". Make a mistake, that's alright then.

Recently, maladroit journalists from the News of the World got zeroed. Years back it was the NYT and the Blair scandal. And ever so often the BBC gets a kipper slap - that's a blood sport.

But there's something more damning in which journalism reluctantly bares its soul. You heard it at its loudest during the Bloggers versus real journalists debates in town halls mid-2000. Thankfully that's now passe.

However I'm prompted by this Evening Standard piece. In an enlightening article, BBC Newsnight's eruditely solid journalist Paul Mason touched on how he came to know that the economy,  following Lehman's and Fannie Mae going breasts up (English idiom), was doomed.

And that reminded me, if a Medicine fails they stand before council and policy wonks, if banking goes Darth Vader, we'd like to think they'd better get their toothbrush ready, but when journalism fails, it's a minor blip and we're back to normal.

Journalism on Trial
Can someone make a programme in which they put journalism in the dock for gross negligence? Because if it's the job of the fourth estate to monitor all else, it failed during the Euro crisis, during the over lending, is failing at climate change and is doing a depressing job explaining how politics and economics is running on empty.

Of course it depends what you mean by journalism? Witnesses of the first draft, they observe, react and then let the populace make up their minds. All that's well and good except for instance when I was completing a course at the LSE in Global Finance, I was told printing money was the equivalent of murder.

Yet still Economic reporters treat quantitative easing as if it were a euphemism for walking the dog; it's normal. Mason is right. Politics is bust. This old world order needs reforming.

One of the required reading books in 1995 was Around the World on a Trillion Dollars a Day: How Rebel Currency Trade by Gregory J Millman. No more financial packages brokers from the far east pleaded to the Americans at one stage.

Obviously this whole post has a scent of the supercilious about it. You can't put journalism on trial. It's not monolithic and is owned by no one. And as the argument goes, guns don't kill its people. It's not journalism that's losing it, it's the people. And there are brilliant journalists at work.

Books a plenty have been written about journalism, based on intellectual theories growing up into practical markers and vice versa. In the 1980-90s friends of mine, black and Asian, knew the journalism people had got it woefully wrong surveying markedly under employed newsrooms. That was painful.

Today such ideology in a pluralistic and meritocratic society is little heard of. But the question needs to be entertained. Clearly unequivocal capitalism is looking forlorn. Socialism also has it soft fleshy underbelly looking way vulnerable.

When you look at journalism over large chunks of history, you begin to see how it was a work in progress.  As journalist Andrew Marr states in his page turner, My Trade, "Journalists are not taught what news is. We learn by copying".

It's done so from Defoe in the 1700s, who combated the charlatans who made up news. Defoe "believed in going and seeing with his own eyes" writes Marr, through to the rise of the modern reporter and great names such as Hugh Cudlipp.

Ever so often, a figure such as Stephen Glover, a former Editor strikes out at the industry. Cited in My Trade, Glover says, "there are many serious voices in the broadsheets, but they exist alongside ever more lavish coverage of celebrities and daft pieces about animals".

Wall to wall celebrity news you'll find from looking back on the news is a recent invention.

Work in Progress
So 2011, and despite the detonation of Twitter ( Arab Springs), Facebook et al are we still bound by top down news agenda. Has the work in progress stopped? Is this it? Did we reach the fundamentals, non negotiables, in the 1950s?  Note Twitter is at its more potent by Generation Kup when used without recourse to the structures of traditional journalism.

And if journalism can't get to understand issues before they atrophy in front of our eyes, are we being served?  Is journalism doing its bit? That's what Leonard Witts asked in his Restoring the Trust Conference I spoke at in 2005.

Course it is. If they write and you do nothing about it, that's not journalism's fault. The web and social networks have changed journalism irrevocably, or have they? A study by Goldsmith College last year stated the contrary.

Theories of news remain, its multi philosophy needs more Kuhning.  Witness how South Africa's legislators have wounded journalism badly.

The new tools we  have will likely continue to grow. Question is do we slot them into existing frameworks of journalism or seek to build new ones and what then are systemised modules for teaching journalism to a new generation?

Artistry dear boy, someone said to me.

Post script: I interviewed a Top TV bod some weeks ago. His comments to me were TV News is back. Mmmm


David publishes at Viewmgazine.tv

The Rise of the Non-story - How to Teach it

Snow out London - 18 years worst ever from david dunkley gyimah on Vimeo.
Above an example of a non story, made at that moment in time as events unfolded.

In my last post I spoke about how knowledge has a shelf life.

Here I want to broach something even more heresy; the idea that the story form we've been accustomed to may have run its course.

This is not an unequivocal admission of a decomposition of the story form.

But an explication that in our hyperised society, of click- throughs, and gaming levels, that the story is never complete - the sequel consisting of fragments. Hyperised incidentally is my neologism meaning the rise of hypermediation.

This is not the first of such an enquiry; the surrealists made the non-story an art form, the French an industry and the Lumieres' their first film.

And we've become privy to the You tube blip - an expression of an event which peaks in seconds and is gone: a stunt, an event, a Lumiere moment.

We've become so attuned to the film as arc of conflict and resolution e.g. Hollywood flicks and TV that we entertain less anything construed as just reality.

Inside archive

Consider news - a mediated form of reality repackaged to produce that Aristotelian template we've come to worship since 330 BC. News borrowed the form from docs, which took it from film, which lifted it from theatre and herein drama- the Poetics.

But there was a time, as I research within national news vaults ( see picture above) when our knowledge of story form was well, skewed.

In the still image above, the video is of a runner starting mid flow and then at a well rehearsed point stops to provide an interview. The story itself is nothing worth shouting about. This is story form as we knew only 50 years ago.

We teach story because that's what the industry demands: film and TV. We see no need to teach the non-story for we see it as precisely that.

A story with no form; when it starts it has no definable middle and no end. It's the gibberish before you learn to speak, the stuff everyone does leaving no room for the professional, so has no value.

The Lumiere's La Sortie des usines Lumière à Lyon (1895) is such a piece of reality, except because the Lumiere's pioneered film form this fabula is a museum piece.

Non story
In 1999 my colleague and I conceived of a story, the Family which made the finals of Channel 4's media competition. It too had no middle, no end. It went on until you stopped. Yet it had built in arcs.

the family

Today sitting in hospital, a thought?  Is that not sometimes how we construct new knowledge?

The amazing stories of those that recover from illness. Their stories defy being packaged because each day is another day of inspiration - its episodic.

More recently the head of BBC Newsrooms Mary Hockaday, who is responsible for editorial policy and manages across the BBC, spoke to me. Reality, the unmediated, is finding renewed interest within this powerful media organisation.

The conversation could end here, but I'll push its elasticity. In the making of 24 the series with Cinematographer Rodney Charters would hire the best camera operators to freestyle; those shaky shots.

The irony of it all. The best of the industry were being paid to undo all the pro shooting they had learnt to producing something raw and unpolished. Could not a rookie shooters have done the same?

The question is analogical for professionals shooting the non story or stand ups telling non-jokes. Can a pro story maker produce something which is engaging but not a complete story.

If so what are its variants? How do stand ups with dead pan deliveries engage us with the most banal of narratives?

To break the rules, first we must understand what they are and the purpose they serve. More soon.

For this piece is no more complete than the story form I'm seeking to explain.

How Videojournalism Lost its Mojo, Died, and is being Reborn Again.

Videojournalism at Viewmagazine.tv

Videojournalism at Viewmagazine.tv: "If you start from the same building blocks from whence you came, the creation you envision may likely be a version of what you know. And in such cases the creation can be no more than a short lived one - a plaster".  

I elaborate. At periodic cycles the knowledge within a profession effectively ceases to meet the new demands made on it.  There are many reasons for this.

• Competition from outside the profession.
• Increased societal knowledge -  e.g. audience.
• Technological advances which expose flaws.
• Philosophical debates that undermine existing theories.

Journalism is no more immune to these shocks as we've witnessed than professions such as medicine and engineering.

But the response to address these unknowns is a curious, but predictable one. Often collective knowledge within a company, institution, attempts a remedy by taking the status quo and looking to build upon it.



Videojournalism is a great example. You're a TV station, newspaper or independent media and see videojournalism as an answer to the status quo. Everyone does now.

You train your journalists to create a product which on reflection is little different to your hegemonic dominant ideas of television.  And why should it be any different?  TV works yes!

The knowledge for dealing with your conundrum resides within existing knowledge (ontology). The building blocks you're using emerge from an institutional knowledge that is laid down in stone. It is a theory that is firmly resolute.

Except theories and knowledge are not fixed. We only believe what we believe because current broad thinking suggest so and anything to the contrary abrogates the very tenants of that profession's integrity. Or so we think.

How we learn

University academia is one where theory and practice converge within a standardized environment, where some lecturers engage in problem-solving look to artistic means, which facilitates the student to think of a different approach.

As Schon and Dewey, notable Scholars who excavate the essence of these theories also note, artistic reflection is difficult to teach.


Videojournalism: 
Theories and a Philosophy.

Theories and a philosophy of videojournalism reside not just in a TV paradigm, but institutional journalistic one. The flaw isn't the journalism,  but how you attempt to mould videojournalism into what you know.

Twitter is a great example of how an external agent conceived of a techno-societal product in comms manages to push extra-agency conversations amongst its users. But in the hands of TV has only served to circulate their confined conversation.

" You can follow me on twitter at @sameoldstory".

I've had two sessions in the last month where my aim has been to make this clear: a clinical company and a Chinese delegation. Both were engaged in what's called knowledge transfer - reworking existing paradigms so see where changes can be made.

If medicine once believed bleeding helped cured illnesses, it wasn't because they were wrong, but because current thinking then of the best minds believed it so. It took radical thinking, beyond the convention to find a new solution.

Within videojournalism, on a theory level for instance, one example is objectivity - a fallacy that requires a new approach. This is not the same as balance - which can also be reworked, and is not to say objectivity doesn't have value. See the medicine analogy above.

But that if the lack of it prevents you from telling a story, there's a problem. This needs a new classification to ensure probity and the integrity of reportage.

On a practical level an example is when the filmic product that emerges tends to be  a poor cut of the same cloth, because the film says nothing more that its sister product TV news could tell.

The videojournalist decree first published in 2007 looks at a new framework for denoting storyform.

Here's another interesting observation. Whilst the solution may well reside within the knowledge pool, the approach to dealing with that knowledge requires an artistic approach - an approach so radical as to change the framework and question to your original problem.

The question is not: "I need video on my site, so it requires videojournalism". If you want video on your site - any video producer can do that.  If the question is "I want something on our site which keeps my audience coming back, because the media has that coming-back quality", then you're closer to videojournalism.

Such thoughts have not been a flight of fancy but have evolved engaging in heuristics of videojournalism and TV over 25 years and talking to some of the best minds in the business from Rosenblum, Winston, and Purvis to lesser known but brilliant practitioners, and those outside the profession, such as Applied Chemists and architects.

I'm an Applied Chemistry grad myself and sensed the answer to one of my questions involving videojournalism could only be answered from organic chemistry.

Again we need to deconstruct "Artistic", less you're inclined to think it means Renoir et al. As an Artist in Residence at the Southbank Centre, its Artistic Director  Jude Kelly OBE put it well. It's where you abandon conventional thought, which as an expert you're inclined to follow.  Its risk taking based on hunches, reflective thinking, the irrational and rational - an artistic endeavor.

There was no text book, no convention that ascribed how US Airways 1549 could land on water. It took the ingenuity, perception, experience - artistic - endeavors for Captain Chesley B. Sullenberger and Co pilot Jeff Skiles and crew to steer the plane down safely.  Note in cases like this experience alone is not the determinant.

There are new names emerging now to distinguish the videojournalism it should always have been but became entombed elsewhere. There's accelerated videojournalism or meta-vinejournalism  (pronounced Venee).  The latter is a hybridisation of cinema and video. While meta means: "beyond".

Ultimately journalism was meant to solve something, many things, but principally 1930s onwards: inform, educate, and entertain. Yet to those variables can be added: reveal a reality, care through awareness, meet contemporary demands of techno-social revelations, and so on.

There are many reasons why we still don't know what we should, and that requires a different approach to what we're doing. We'll find a new name for describing this journalism one day.

David Dunkley Gyimah has been a videojournalist since 1994, and started off as a journalist at the BBC in 1987. He is currently completing a PhD and publishes Viewmagazine.tv  He is a Royal Society Television (RTS) juror for the UK's RTS Innovation in media awards and will be presenting at the BFI next month on "INSIDE VIDEOJOURNALISM" - revealing his research, among other things. BFI Videojournalism is organised by David Hayward of  BBC Journalism college, UCLAN Paul Egglestone and David. 

How to be a great writer, film maker, designer - creative

Christine Watson, a recent graduate of that much admired creative writing school at UEA, has been nominated for one of the "most prestigious and popular literary prizes", the Costa Prize.

She's in fine company: Julian Barnes, Poet Laureate Carol Ann Duffy, and Claire Tomalin to name a few.

Today, she shared her thoughts on Radio 4's Today programme joined by one of the UK's most well known writers Ian McEwan. The programme was itself reflecting on how the University of East Anglia had come to produce a crop of eminent writers in the last 40 years.

I was talking to my Masters students about UEA only two days ago, explaining how my best book to date is Kazuo Ishiguro's Remains of the Day, and that I believe you can't teach how to write.

This point was made far more eloquently by the presenter James Naughtie and Christine. It's about the structure of writing, being immersed within a faculty where people were in love with writers, that spurns you on.

She said one of the best pieces of advice passed on by a lecturer was write for the audience.

UEA's writing
UEA's writing course which I once read about in an Observer article many years back seemed all the more remarkable because as McEwan. put it tutorials were often held in a pub with fleeting talks with Bradbury - one of the founders.

Here's my next piece of writing McKewan would say to whicht the response  would be, right where's the next?

Watson's interview at 8.18 a.m  is a must listen  by anyone who wants to excel in any creative field, where assets are readily available, and lecturers set about providing structure and advice for what to do next?

If you want to write as a journalist, you should blog everyday if you can, not because I might say so, but because you want to be a writer. You must attempt to develop a critical insight into what you do. Read Noel Carroll, read lost of books.

And, that ultimately it's always about the audience. That's a piece of advice I give myself everyday.

First glimpses inside the New BBC studios Salford

The BBC invited a delegation to look at its new shiny offices in Salford. Geoffrey Davies, the head of journalism at the University of Westminster was among the group and took these pictures. Over many years Geoffery has been specialsing in capturing media studios around the world.

So this represents his latest batch, which he's allowed me to post

 

Here, BBC 5 Live show they've taken a few ideas from Google in design

This is a great idea. This booth allows you to connect with one of the studios for live transmission etc. There are a number of gadgets inside. You can imagine these in years to come being dotted over the country or on campuses - where you can edit and do 2-way ISDN chats.

A wide shot of the new BBC building with seating pods - those round objects. The lower floor is a popular studio for football fans

Yep its the Match of the Day set. You still need kerzillions of cameras for live broadcasts, or do you?

Journalists have their own monitor and a number of new gadgets for the 21st century reality gatherer.

And thos cameras are fixed in the radio studios. Radio with pictures. Think NY1, The James Whale Show of the 80s.. Now we want to see online who is being interviewed. Wish that was there when I was on radio interviewing the likes of Van Peebles, Fela Kuti and George Clinton.

 

Unfinished studio, which is probably completed by now

 

Match of the Day as we see it - almost - on TV

Click here for insight into major new findings on 

What is videojournalism on the web, in multimedia and offline - a major study and film - and why it matters

Blast from the past II

Videojournalism 1996

The exhibition at London's Victoria and Albert Museum on Postmodernism puts where we are now into context. 

The picture is from 1996. The videojournalist is today one of the UK's leading film makers.

I came across this constructing the lay out for a chapter on postmodernism and self filming.

Without the past we don't have futures. Postmodernism or in this case the videojournalism of old may be rubbished.  "Hey it's all about the 5D now!" But the past influences what direction we take now.

In five years time we'll be doing the same to this present "here and now",  as the next generation give it short shrift and you try to convince them otherwise. "Hey it was the period of the IPad 2, Facebook and the Social Network".

It's easy to become nonchalant about the past unless you've lived through it. But there's other value. Traces of the past find themselves into our livelihoods. For creatives it provides cues for cycles of innovations.  Sometimes they emerge as retro.

More importantly for me as a practitioner and academic with specialist knowledge  in television, radio and the Net around the 1980s onwards, it gives context to understanding current trends.

Without The Garden of Forking Paths - a hypertext novel published in 1941 by Argentina novelist  poet Jorge Luis Borges, there would be no Inception (2010) 

Without videojournalism circa 1990/ 2000, we'd still be adamant what can and can't be done.

VIEWMAGAZINE.TV PUBLIICITY IMAGES FREE USE BELOW  (Creative Commons) for blogs, twitter and other publications referencing the blog viewmag.blogspot.com and viewmagazine.tv. If you're interested in 300dpi images please email david(at) viewmagazine.tv stating re:Image use in the title. The use of images does not waive moral rights of owner and therefore warrants being used for purposes described above.

 

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Postmodern Videojournalism - the end and beginning. V&A Exhibition

Miami Vice - 80s post modernism before CSI. Visit David's main site www.viewmagazine.tv for more 

A difficult and at times pretentious word to comprehend, postmodernism; never mind the post modernism journalist.

As the opening quote at the Victoria and Albert museum's exhibition puts it, if modernism was a window on the world, postmodernism was the broken shards, spelling out multifaceted, pluralistic ideas.

V&A Exhibition on Postmodernism on until January 2012

They - artists, filmmakers and journalists - were radical, even dystopic and most certainly individualistic.

For the 1980s the height of postmodernism, there was the idiosyncratic The Face Magazine; in Film, the epochal Ridly Scott's Blade Runner (1992); whilst TV birthed Miami Vice - so cool it makes CSI Miami look damn dour.


Miami Vice changed TV programming and TV Journalism. Those music breaks in Docs and features...



Africa Bambaataa George Clinton (play David's BBC interview below), MTV and the The Pet Shop Boys; Jeff Koons, the BYAs e.g. Tracy Yemin et al pushed the edge of Art, whilst Ettore Sottsass' Memphis group kick started a design revolution.

And then in the wings the emergence of the postmodernist journalist  (PMJ)- the DIY journos who could just as well speak intelligibly of a Guy called Gerard or Public Enemy with the Palestinian-Israeli Intifada, and the Contras & Oliver North.

The now famous slogan of an unknown sports brand circa 1988 caught the zeitgeist as one of basketball's greats Magic Jordan showed man truly could fly without technology.



All this created a heady mix, from which emerged the PMJ. They worked across radio, magazines, newspapers  and TV.  I recall walking into a BBC radio suite with people like Ekow Eshun who typified the PMJ presenting on radio one day and then deconstructed Mary J Blige's troubling career the next as deputy editor, then Editor of The Face.

On TV the PMJs occupied Channel 4's Network 7 which decomposed and reconstituted as BBC Reportage (see David reporting from Reportage below). They were young, brash and not afraid of risks. If you weren't doing everything, you felt left out, so  I too did magazines, presented radio and did TV on reportage.


BBC Reportage from david dunkley gyimah on Vimeo.

And like others when I got restless, upped sticks and moved to South Africa for 18 months, or ended up in Falaraki in the summer making films on Hi-8 cams. And no, I didn't know anyone in South Africa when I moved, but I'll be forever thankful to British Airways for the complimentary ticket.

And then in 1994 the PMJs dream job - videojournalism at Channel One TV.  That extraordinary era is presently being written up for publication, but let's cut to the next movement, the PMJ became the postmodern videojournalist at the time when post modernism was dying.

Attracted by money, big money, the original movement sold out. The post modernists grew up,  made careers and went suburbia - in any case there's only so much you can hold on to an idea before it becomes commodified by the industry.

The New Videojournalists
The videojournalists created their own ecology of havoc. Bemused onlookers watched in disbelief thinking "poor journalists, not enough money for a camera operator". And we had public figures by the ropes. Media training then was something you did in the gym watching television. Now you can't get a straight question out of anyone.

David vjing from Paris

Ten years later videojournalism popped mainstream. Its ubiquity dissolved an important caveat of the PMs gene sequence - rarity- when videojournalist could earn up to £38,000 and invent their own rule book.

Today PMVJs are no more. But the Net and Social Digital Discourse continues to promulgate the need for individualism and radicalism. It's a little more difficult now, but ironically today journalism needs getting tough and innovative more than ever.

Cue: the current assessment from the UK, and China two days ago presenting to a high profile academic delegation. TV's dominant form, its hegemony has now filtered and settled in digital media.

Nothing's changed. We might have Facebook and Twitter, but they affect journalism's physique, not it soul.

Meanwhile we appear know more about the world, but less about depth of story, unless Wiki leaks tells us. Public figures have learned to be sub prime mortgage with the truth. The average sound bite has become so perceptibly short, you'd think your interviewee had turrets syndrome.

Broadcasting won't fess up, but the journalism that was in trouble fifteen years ago and then six years back (thanks Youtube)  has not completely healed. So we need a new radicalism, one that emotes journalism to deliver on its original and new promise - which is what?

But we don't have a name, a philosophy or even theory to call it.  Videojournalism has been mooted, but I know you're pondering as well. It's not the name it's what those practising it do with the form. Remind me again why we loathe the word postmodernism again.


David Dunkley Gyimah hanging out with old pal Ozwald Baoteng from 1990s








If you liked this, visit viewmagazine.tv my main site for interviews with Eartha Kitt, Roy Ayers, and a range of media, war and videojournalism  issues.

VIEWMAGAZINE.TV PUBLIICITY IMAGES FREE USE BELOW  (Creative Commons) for blogs, twitter and other publications referencing the blog viewmag.blogspot.com and viewmagazine.tv. If you're interested in 300dpi images please email david(at) viewmagazine.tv stating re:Image use in the title. The use of images does not waive moral rights of owner and therefore warrants being used for purposes described above.

 

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David Dunkley Gyimah is a senior lecturer, videojournalist, writer/designer and Artist in Residence at the Southbank Centre. He is completing his PhD at SMARTlab University College Dublin. And writes about media and culture. He publishes viewmagazine.tv

Learning how to be creative - Videojournalism at BFI talk

We're trying to arrange another talk at the Apple Store London. Hopefully now, next year.  In the meantime we're due to hang out at the BFI - the title being Inside Videojournalism.

Do you accept nothings changed though? TV is still dominant!  After a 2 hour performance lecture in the city (of London), a senior Chinese executive was keen for an answer.

About thirty from one of China's top academic institution wanted to know whether we possessed any new methods to teaching New Media.

Over 20 slides I built this argument which addressed the following questions:

1. How do we go about acquiring knowledge?

2. Is there truly a different way of teaching New Media?

3. How has the student and lecturer changed over the years.

Learning Methods

We're already awash with all manner of tried and tested successful learning methods. I wanted to concentrate on Creativity. 

Problem is creativity is a bit like stand-up. The approach comes seemingly unrehearsed, depending as much on other factors e.g. the environment, material etc.  It works against being rule-bound. Yet seeks an inherent theory to define the creative actions we undertake.

Donald Schon documented this in his explanation of the inadequacies of Technical Rationality.

Disruptive fields are cyclical and happen all the while and the way we can get to grips with these is by being creative in our approach.

A couple of things emerge from this, which hopefully I'll spell out at the BFI. When's the next disruptive flow that calls on new creative challenges?

Coming Up for Air - learning how to learn

Under a sea of books

It took an eternity to surface from Turkish seas and feels just as long coming up for air from a period of binge reading.

It would be simple enough if I had a photographic memory latching onto facts as if they were football figures whose stats were worth noting.

We can try all sorts of things to increase our capacity to retain information, but what's required is active learning. Anytime I'm offered the chance to present, I sneak into the room early, to 'mark territory'.

It is my little ritual, as I imagine it is to others.  Listening to Professor Gabriel Radvansky on the BBC, his authoritative musings on the human memory appeared to show my predatorial walkies make sense.

Radvansky's published research in a book on memory claims our memory auto refreshes when we past a door way. Indeed when was the last time you entered a room and forgot why you were there, and the only way you could remember was to return to the source of the thought.

So the answer to Republican presidential hopeful Mitt Romney could have been to learn which three agencies were for the chop within the theatre.



Now, if that were the case, the idea of any successful presentation would be unheard of, since we're forever travelling walking through doors.

So part of the solution I guess is a bid to understand and to become the text, removing the idea of learning by rote.  That requires making meaning from what Donald Schon ( listen here for BBC Lecture)   calls reflection-in-action.

Essentially it's thinking about what you're thinking about, your experiences and learning to unravel the complication by logically setting about a new solution.

Active Learning
Learning becomes an active discussion with others or yourself. In lectures rooms, that's something I actively encourage.

The idea of getting into character with the text - method approach - and thinking about the audience opens us to wider solutions.

Questions such as how do I know this, and coming at yourself from another POV, may sound schizophrenic, but it questions expectations.

It's that technique which I'll be using this year acting as a juror for the UK's prestigious Royal Television Society Awards ( RTS) 2012.

Thankfully I won't have to memorise any presentations, but the collective work I'm going through now, I guess can only help.

The futurist media maker & student

The sartorial noted, but all round media maker, Dan

You acknowledge it, but rarely challenge it. You blog, film, podcast, multimedia and the rest, but you're prone to believe these are different entities. 


We think so because we've been conditioned so. The futurist media maker or student must entertain different ideas.

The very act of me listing the aforementioned suggest the use of genres. But how did these become what they are and do they still hold? That's a thesis in itself, so I'll be very brief.

In a world of collapse media, thanks in part to the Internet and  more probing heuristicism, constructivism and internationalism, much has happened to the unit discipline. Blogging might be just a platform, but it encourages a diffusion of forms: literary criticism, features and commentary pieces - all find their way in

I need to honour the names above to push my argument. In film, we call on documentaries, news, features and feature films. These definitions guide us into modes of understanding and acceptance.

This is a good example. When you want a salami sandwich because you like salami, you don't want to be given something that looks like Salami, but isn't.

We need specifics, and the media is no different. The audience demands it. "download this photo montage", "watch this amazing film", but the audience largely cares less whether the author happens to write nonsensical riddles for a living or plants rose bushes - all worthy professions.

However it's the profession that holds to the division and while this worked at some point, some of those core reasons are now defunct. This is not a reason against specialisms. We need those, but the argument against genre-specifics is weakening.

This morning a visiting Chinese scholar had a question he needed to get of his chest. Why is it that many institutions do documentary, when the graduates will unlikely do documentary in their first jobs; more likely news.

It was a loaded question, though not intended. I can't speak for others, I said, but the assumption you're making is that a two minute news piece has little to do with a documentary.  If we fail to make the connection, then that must be so.

But they have common features, more so than perhaps what separates them - which we tend to emphasise. They use a medium of the moving image, they use a language of moving images, either explicit or implicit, they involve technical and symbolic elements.

Their differences seem obvious - that one is lengthier than the other, and one is new whilst the other isn't.  These conventions have held long enough for them to be defined accordingly- they sell books and the rest. Yet, whilst I might need them to define work, or submit work to others, in practice they are the same.

Film lengths present a case for a logic, which has become convention. 90 minute - an arbitrary figure - was marked as the norm. The reasons? Hollywood execs figured it was the right length to hold the attention of the audience.

Today, that length can vary from a Warhol's 8 hours and 5 minutes "Empire", to one minute film.  Similarly, TV New went through the same angst. Bosses were terrified anything past two minutes would have the viewer reaching for the "off" button.

It is no coincidence that the heritage of producers, and production houses that delivered anything from promos to six part series has now evolved into a  cadre of multi-skilled individuals.

It's likely in the near future we may internally discard these designed-terms as a generation of new journalists ignore these boundaries and just go about creating media. - even when the clients and audience still hold these terms dear

Creating a dialogie of videojournalism

Sometimes you feel boxed in

Some things don't add up. And when they don't our immediate reaction is to purse our lips and become dismissive. Some things too manifest themselves as a revelation, but seem so obvious that we feel the need to be dismissive.

I encountered both today.

In building a new narrative for videojournalism using established theories, I came unstuck.  Then it became obvious. However this revelation lay outside of the discourse of its common established theory within communication.

In History as Art: Art as History, the author's note: Art provides students with new languages and with a new set of visual tools and methods to process and articulate their ideas. (p.6)

There's more, but then as I said it should have been so obvious, but on the other hand in academic journalism studies it might not; purse your lips.

Art offers a powerful expression, less understood in formal circles where genres are rooted. You know its journalism because of its conventions; its objective and impartial. These are powerful forces that have shaped generations.

And the only way we deconstruct genres is by theories. The word theory in academia has a more profound ring to how we use it in everyday parlance.

Because in pedagogy, someone wants proof. Prove it is the retort. You say the web is different, or videojournalism is something else, or multimedia is a new language. Prove it! Critically! Logically!

But then proof itself is abstruse in communication and the arts. There is no right and wrong, but theories more suited, by the theoritician, towards deconstructing their puzzle.

As Robert Stam puts it.. Theories do not supersede  one another...and they can be playful, even anarchaic.

The words and songs of artist and pioneers yield fresh ideas, which are absorbed, tested, and verified towards theories, and if they are new are compared with others. But how do you know to give credence to these. Therein lies another conundrum. And that's how circular it is.



 

How do we report the economy in a manner that articulates more profoundly the implosion about to grip Europe, as Italy sits at the precipe of a massive financial calamity?

Meeting Doc pioneer Albert Maysles

David Dunkley Gyimah meets an icon, doc pioneer Albert Maysles

Et voila the great Albert Maysles.

In the time I have worked for the BBC, ITN, ABC News and the rest I have met many stars and VIPS. In many cases I have admired them, but not been moved enough to want my picture taken. Also it's not, well, how do you put it, cool!

But I do have a select compendium: President Mandela, Quincy Jones and Lennox Lewis whom I co-shot his documentary fighting Tyson. All of them can be found on the site I built viewmagazine.tv. To that now, I have recently met Albert Maysles.

There are many reasons why Maysles message is still strong and should never be forgotten;  he is one of the rare and true pioneers in documentary. 

Whatever you're playing with at the moment, there's a strong claim Albert Maysles et al would have been there first in films such as: Grey Gardens (1976) Gimme Shelter (1970) and Salesman (1968). Then there's that unprecedented shot in Primary(1960), 

That Shot


And more recent stories such as Muhammad and Larry(2009) co-created with Bradley Kaplan. But this iconography goes beyond hero worshipping of the past. At a time of disjointed and complex imbricating forms in our digital ecology, to gain a better understanding of the future, we must look to figures such as Albert.

Last year as part of my soon-to-complete doctoral thesis on the Outernet and moving image where, digital codes works with the realism of film making I spoke to another pioneer, Drew.

I'm hoping to do the same with Albert and will share that with you soon and with the community we're assembling for our next BBC-BFI-UCLAN meeting- the inaugural one can was quite a success.

How to not win awards

David Dunkley Gyimah at awards ceremony

How not to win awards. Why are they sought in the first place is topic in itself, but how not to win them sounds tautological. 

It's like Fred seen here - a latter day version of Pee wee - sending out invitations to friends about NOT being invited to his party.



So yesterday I was one of four nominees for this Ghana Awards. And the winner was a barrister and deservedly so. Being nominated was more than I could wish. 

But it was a lavish fine show of talent and  awesome enough to be asked to come and sit down and sup with Ghana folk. There's always a funny incident where someone's giving me some food and has to describe it in detail.

"That sir is fried yam and a black pepper recipe called... "

"Me daase.. me nim..comes my reply in Ashanti saying, yes thanks, I know. 

The last time I failed to show my Ghanaian roots at some other function I got a ribbing from a couple thinking I was out of my depth with the food - believe me Ghanaian food can be quite chilli hot.

So back to the awards itself which frankly I didn't stand a chance in a room by myself ever winning. Mainly because I never told anyone.

After the nominations delegates were asked to amass votes for themselves online. Well that's me out as:

a) I don't have a wide friends base :)
b) It's a bit odd asking people to vote for you for what you do

Effectively we're in the realm of the X-factor. I could understand if it was a public vote for some performance the public might want to see again, but if you're a nurse, a doctor or a mechanic, your either good at what you do and your peers recognise this, or er you're not - and feel comfortable about it.

The idea I have to ring around my friends and mum, who'll tell her friends and what not, is a bit vain.

Now I'm not suggesting the victor did this. You'll have to know me better to believe I could think that way,  but I do hope at some point where appropriate we jettison the idea of X-factor voting for things that should be judged on merit.

Otherwise, in the future we could be voting for whether you get the hospital appointment, or whether you pass your driving test because of pubic votes, or the pilot flying that plane did so not because of her professionalism graded by anonymous peers, but a public vote.

Which in any case if it had gone that way, the winner of this award, would still have won given her many achievements. That's one thing I am pretty sure off.

How we teach newer media

Buy the book as its too late to attend the night club

There's a story I believe to be true about Robin Williams from his visits in Britain the 80s, and 90s. 

In the centre of Piccadilly Circus, next to where the Odeon cinema, used to be was a small dimly lit room club called the Cat in the Hat.

I knew this club well, as on Fridays it featured some of the damn funkiest people in London, dancing to what became 'rare grooves'.

These were  tracks from Maceo and the Mack, the JB's and Vicki Anderson's Message to the Soul Sisters (you need turn this up and kick of your shoes. Er p.s close your curtain's too otherwise the neighbours will think you mad)



Anyway, on Saturdays the Cat in the Hat would transform into its original domain - the Comedy Store. Now the legend was it, from a couple of people wanting to go dancing, was they stumbled into the club and stayed because there was this US guy doing stand up.

Many people went back and each time noticed his set was never repeated. Robin Williams did not have a parachute to protect him. He was just a wise-cracking flanneur who couldn't be contained.

Zudong - former online student. Picture by Valeria

Newer media is a set not so different from Robin Williams sojourns. Yes, for the sake of the following year's cohorts you might repeat things, but in reality, you end up with new material, and thus new enterprises for running your mouth.

This doesn't amount to a lack of structure, but more importantly an attempt to see past it. There are rules for everything in the media world, but in this mutating ecology, the only rules become there aren't any.

Wait there is one rule. Learn what they did, why they did and disregard it and strike out. In a couple of weeks a delegation from China come by our uni wanting to observe and understand how online and videojournalism get refluxed.

It's not the modules in themselves that are all important, but the strategy behind learning how to learn.  This involves a couple of things, I believe. Firstly don't teach perfectionism as the end-product, but the idea of understanding how being forced to make mistakes leads you to understand perfectionism and respect it.

Here's an example. We may speak about social networking, but in Journalism classes, its anything but, independence is still a strong charateristic of the new journalism. So how do you get people to social network amongst each other? You tell them?  Chances are though if they've not recognised the value of interdependency our instincts return us to type.

In other words we'll always seek to conform to our own traits and individualism, when frankly the wisdom of crowds done well is a powerful learning resource.

So one exercise we run is to give out assignments to finish against the clock, and then midway through this invent a crisis that forces people by default to work together ( the Hitchcockian crisis of dilemma) Then as we're nearing the assignment end we introduce another variable, which leads to the wisdom of crowds making decisions about their immediate outcomes.

In our case, we let them kill half their stories which had them decide who's would go forward and with ten minutes left on the clock asked the cohorts to kill all but one of their stories to present.

Inevitably I'm talking structural and delivery here, but there are more fine-grained examples I could give which look at the subject matter, which we'll leave for another time.

p.s I don't put former students comments up here about what we do, because well that's what we do and you need to keep you humility in check, but here's an extract from Zudong speaking about her experience from last year.

 I have to say it was quite challenging and during that time I constantly felt that I must come up with something good enough, worth your time and attention, which gave me great pressure, for i knew that you were really difficult to be impressed and set high standards at all times.

Methodologies in story form - viewmagazine.tv

A friend who's bought a 5D got into a protracted conversation with me over a story I'm making. I shot on super 8mm. Could he achieve the same look using After Effects?

Sure, I said, but I thought he missed asking a more appropriate question.  Why would he?

The allure for nice pictures can often cloud the purpose of the film. The problem though is two fold. Not knowing what you want the compositional elements of the film to say overall.

Videojournalism is a freudian chess game where you alone are trying to anticipate stages ahead, by playing against yourself and your alto ego - the lone audience.

Oh yes he knew to create a textual narrative, but understanding a whole set of parameters: his placing, framing, lens language, parrallel editing - that was a new conversation piece.

The moral to this edited logic is captured by Stanley Donen the great film maker behind the likes of Singing in the Rain (1952) speaking to one of the people I admire, Film maker and all-about-everything Mark Cousins.

"The camera's just a pen. It's how you use it". It's a well worn phrase, but Donen injects life and purpose into it. So 5Ds may be de rigeur but it's not unsurprising that an alternative look to the status quo should draw attention. Watch out how in ten years we're all be eulogising over deep focus.

Put another way the project and person dictates according to a set of variables, what equipment and style they should use and your methodology will differ, or not to mine.

The most rewarding task in lecturing is helping people find there; for there are no definitive answers. It's just that we're so creature of mimicry that it's so much easier to have the template there to copy and adapt.

Video Methodologies
Looking into methodologies opened up this window of interest.

• Last week a behind-the-scene shoot with the Master students putting together a news programme
• Tomorrow an awards ceremony I'm attending, from being nominated for an award

The GUBA Awards is Ghana's professional community recognising each other. As awards go, this lavish event will be a procession of the good and great: some footballers who wowed us in the World Cup, and pop stars with global fans.

Somewhere in there I have been snuck in for a nomination. I have no intention of entertaining the idea of an award. Yes everyone says that, but trust me on this one.

But the stories, think of the many stories - I do.  And not just at the Plaza Place hotel and the individuals, but back in Ghana, the biggest of which has to be the oil its discovered of its shores. How epic is that!

Meanwhile, my mental state back in the UK, I've all but completed the cut on our MAs at work, but a couple of things struck me so evidently in the process. Firstly, developing a variation on the human tripod that ensured a "steadycam" effect and secondly in editing.

That is how I could frame the outcome of the story into any number of forms or genres.  Herein lies the seeds of methodologies, how we convert something informational into something affective, complex into simple, or news into accelerated cinema.

As it happens I have spent the best part of that week writing up my methodological approach to videojournalism into my thesis.

So I have been living out of  my garage undergoing the equivalent of an archeological dig, rummaging through papers and articles from 1989 which have become sturdy references. Take this one from 2001 The Family - a videojournalism and multimedia artifact made in 2000 using game theory.

Strange as this may seem, but part of discourse is thinking in scale. Something delivered principally for online has a different "thisness' than something built up in scale for the big screen.

I have learnt that watching videojournalism films I have made being shown on the big screen in Berlin, various doc fests and at the Southbank Centre.

This is something rarely discussed as most of us don't have access to the silver screen unless we enter film competitions etc, but I believe this medium is becoming more and more commonplace and so I hope to share more about this at a forthcoming BFI-BBC-UCLAN event on videojournalism.

If you've come across the first one we produced seen here on the BBC Journalism College , the next one looks to go one stage further.

MAJI live broadcast

Some images from the Masters in Journalism students on the second live broadcast.

Sarah and Ahmed get to grips with Vox Pops. Er, 

Morning editorial meeting

Valentina and Ines discuss story with Preethi

Chinaaemerem and Wendy watching live broadcast on monitor

Sarah in between segments presenting the news

Group laugh at the end of broadcast - watching playback

Stefania querying news angle

Preethi and Ines

I'm cutting a behind-the-scene of their work, which I should post at some point