Friday, June 12, 2015
Tuesday, March 24, 2015
The Future of Story form, television n’ all lies in the past.
Are we so gullible to think that every new phenomenon that has emerged in our digital existence has never seen the light of day before?
History, so eschewed by those who live in the now, provides many answers.
We need those answers if we are to not to repeat mistakes, or truly endeavour to push into new frontiers.
The premise for my talk back in 2005 — and before that — was that cinema offered a fresh model for journalism.
I thought that was radical. I look back on that noticing my own foolhardy swagger. But I was soon humbled when I discovered that there have been several attempts to make cinema journalism stick — but these failed for several reasons.
The many reasons however are receding. The implications are so wide that like the past, we could and would want to dismiss them. Not this time though.
In a series of videos — whose themes constituted the table of contents for my doctoral thesis, I show how the rise of cinema journalism is gaining momentum.
Here’s the second of six short videos — which I’m planning on releasing through a publisher or broadcaster.
Robert Drew, the father of Cinema Verite provides a platform to discuss cinema journalism in the 1960s.
Thursday, February 26, 2015
What if Stephen Soberbergh did journalism? Apple talk by Knight Batten Winner David Dunkley Gyimah
What if Stephen Soberbergh did journalism?
If the evidence of his involvement in Citizen Four is anything to by, it would be memorable, perhaps entertaining, and above all cinematic.
With a 100 hours of video being uploaded to Youtube every minute, there’s good reason to do cinematic video — you stand out from the crowd.
Ask a focus group of young people, as I have done through academic research, about any piece of video/film they remember and invariably they’ll name a fictional film.
There’s something about cinema.
Journalists coil with opprobrium at the thought. At the least it’s naive — cinema is fiction and once we fictionalise journalism we’re in Alice in Wonderland territory.
At best, the two are immiscible. Good heavens is this a real journalist writing this gumf.
At Apple in a week and a bits time I’m looking to push this gumf out with a supertanker. The popular manifestation of cinematic journalism is Vice.com, and there’s a health warning attached.
Vice will joined by many others — lining up in new academies and the corridors of Youtube readying themselves for online dominance. It’s a warning to traditional broadcasters. [read How Vice became the voice of a generation].
Existing, somewhat antiquated, theories around journalism are feeling the squeeze as a pragmatism in digital that’s shaping new provisional theories soars.
The issue of cinematic has been a perennial one, eschewed by the news establishment in the past in defence of their industry. The web changed all that. Journalism can still berate this pretentious cousin, cinematic journalism, but it’s the audience, er, steward!
That doesn’t necessarily mean the audience is right, even if they’re dragging the advertisers with them, but academic research shows they’re onto something — particularly from a creative movement within videojournalism.
If you can make it down to Apple, I hope you won’t be disappointed. Some of the definates so far include short films on what NBCs President of News makes of cinematic videojournalism.
How Robert Drew created Cinematic journalism in the 1960s. And an interview with one of the UK’s fiest videojournalists Steve Punter — who sadly passed away last year.
BTW When film journalism was first conceived it was cinematic, then something happened ☺
David Dunkley Gyimah was one of the UK’s first official videojournalists. His worked for the BBC and Channel 4 News. He’s a recipient of several awards. His doctorate, a six year global study covers the impact of cinematic journalism. You can find out more about his talk here.
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Saturday, February 21, 2015
Selma's brief lesson
The air was laden. that rousing speech, and then a moment of silence until the room filled with spontaneous applause.
Some gift; some gift - that is to move people. To remind them of where humanity was, to capture memories - albeit cinematic ones - but enough to inspire.
Finally got around to seeing Selma. The controversy impairs the clarity of this piece of work. No flash backs, no convoluted script; this is cinema as documentary. It even borrows some of documentaries' tropes.
It reminded me of an obligation we have to ourselves; a conscientuous stand to share and remind and well, negotiate!
It brought back my own memories of South Africa, the last country on Earth to officially legalise racism and that was only two decades ago.
A little story came my way. It was the ability to document on the cusp of a new dawn; a new country - a new South Africa. This through the eyes of four young South Africans.
Late last night I listened to the radio doc again. It brought years and joy to me. If you have a mo, do relive and cherish what we now have.
FIRST TIME VOTERS HERE
Some gift; some gift - that is to move people. To remind them of where humanity was, to capture memories - albeit cinematic ones - but enough to inspire.
Finally got around to seeing Selma. The controversy impairs the clarity of this piece of work. No flash backs, no convoluted script; this is cinema as documentary. It even borrows some of documentaries' tropes.
It reminded me of an obligation we have to ourselves; a conscientuous stand to share and remind and well, negotiate!
It brought back my own memories of South Africa, the last country on Earth to officially legalise racism and that was only two decades ago.
A little story came my way. It was the ability to document on the cusp of a new dawn; a new country - a new South Africa. This through the eyes of four young South Africans.
Late last night I listened to the radio doc again. It brought years and joy to me. If you have a mo, do relive and cherish what we now have.
FIRST TIME VOTERS HERE
Tuesday, February 10, 2015
Keeping the news hyper real
We need more good stories, said Martyn Lewis.
Lewis happened to be one of the trusted voices of the BBC in the 1980s. but what happened next he could not have expected.
If the proposition, made in public speech wasn’t stupid, it was, well, dangerous! Worst that it came from a BBC anchor.
A public vilification and humiliation from the news industry followed and listening to Lewis speak on BBC Radio4, the trembles of indignation are still audible.
For Lewis, advocating more good stories on broadcast news wasn’t about PR, but as he puts it, applying journalistic judgement by, ‘holding a proper and sensible mirror to society and that means the positive as well as the negative’.
Twenty years on having been fascinated by this narrative, Martyn Lewis lifted the lid on Radio 4' Good News is No News (Sunday 8th February, 2014) about some of the most extraordinary events that followed after his suggestion.
I was handed a note that said can you call BBC management immediately, so I called them and they said your speech has been seen by, lets say, certain other people, we won’t say who, and they say you cannot make that speech under any circumstances and your job is on the line’.
Lewis reveals he saw ‘red’ and was baffled. The media religiously tell us they are the 4th estate; they police and debate the issues that matter on the public’s behalf, but they don’t want to look at themselves.
Public philosopher Alain de Botton weighed in broadside last year with his book The News — a User’s Manual. Why are we always fed negative news? Why is it your school will prod you to learn how to deconstruct Shakespeare or a Matisse painting, but not what’s coming out of the newspapers? Why does news still claim to be objective, when there’s nothing wrong with bias — when you use it to decode and you’re transparent about it.
For senior journalists, the news is THE NEWS. Like religion, it is written and waiting to be uncovered.
US Scholar Michael Schudson, reminds us, how journalism is made up. It’s a cultural product shaped by conventions and literary values.
It’s the people in charge, who shape how you and I are told what’s significant and what isn’t. Again, it’s people! At some point, just some moment, are we going to put the camera down as the neighbourhood burns and see an alternative mission for what news stories could be?
That’s beginning to happen now and its dragging traditionalists kicking and screaming into the digital polysemous world.
Straight outta Compton
In the 1980s, wanting to break into journalism was a heady effort. You had to be, as Lewis shows, the right sort of person. If you read politics and didn’t want to become a politician and kiss babies, you became a journalist to kiss your teeth at your politik colleagues.
In the 1980s, wanting to break into journalism was a heady effort. You had to be, as Lewis shows, the right sort of person. If you read politics and didn’t want to become a politician and kiss babies, you became a journalist to kiss your teeth at your politik colleagues.
Me, I did Chemistry and Maths. Fat chance of ever coming close to writing a press release, however a couple of friends and I managed persisted. One of our breakthroughs was getting onto the community programming at BBC London and ran ‘Black London’ for almost two years.
We were paid £30 a show. Peanuts really! But we wanted in badly. The three things that’ll get you sacked from the BBC: Insubordination (swearing). F**king in a studio, and not having a TV License. We did none of them, but there was a line we had to be mindful of because of racial politics.
We tried to make sense of what the audience wanted, who we could book, who would talk to us. We couldn’t pay them. Fortunately there was always someone for the show. Celebrities, such as: Eartha Kitt, George Clinton, Alice Walker and Fela Kuti. Politicians: Jesse Jackson, Apartheid activists and critics, and several Conservative MPs (in power at the time) and the various miscellaneous.
Ever so, we’d look to the US for reportage thinking about parallel ideas here. One of the biggest running stories, was the phenomenon of rap, which in hindsight spelt some of the first seeds of digital theory.
Music opened a seam for politics and an onslaught of cultural thesis. The message was polysemous. It could be interpreted different ways. For fans it was fresh and exciting, otherwise it was a menace and threat. President Bush senior denounced rap, Ice T’s metal bad Body Count‘s Cop Killer alongside NWA’s F**k the Police fuelled emotions.
MTV wouldn’t touch it first and then when they featured their first MTV Rap Show, the audience ratings went ballistic — so much so that executives were too embarrassed to crow about it.
Twenty years on, Ice Cube and Dr Dre are retelling their story. Explicitly, amongst others it’s about fostering a global movement from communities. And yes there beefs, and all sorts on the way between East and West. Implicitly, it shows how the audience became the receivers and practitioners.
There are similarities with traditional media today. They made their music, you’re making your media — and the audience is deciding. And that audience is diverse.
On Radio 4' Good News is No News, good news stories now sell on the web ( social media). But there’s something else, which I’m show and telling at Apple store in London. And it goes to the very heart of storytelling, and again it’s all influenced by how the audience is shaping it.
It’s from our SEWN up series — cine-videojournalism and features a fascinating conversation with Robert Drew, and many more. See you there
Sunday, January 18, 2015
How to create that compelling story. Presenting at Apple Store in February 2015
David Dunkley Gyimah
University of Westminster senior lecturer,
It’s sunday morning. 10.30 to be precise. Day light creeping into the bedroom looks like something out of Danny Boyle’s 28 Days Later.
It’s grey, sullen, one of those days, when I half expect a flesh-eating neighbour will come barging through the bedroom door.
Come to think of it, where’s that toe scissor and screw driver.
I’m laying in bed, a laptop support table is crowded with my mac and various hard drives. To my left is my trusty 12-year-old radio. BBC Radio 4's Hugh Sykes is reporting for the current affairs programme, Broadcasting House, about how communities in France are healing from the terrorist atrocities.
I really should be up, but I’m stretching for some thinking space — that liminal zone between squeezing the last drop of sleep and being fully active.
Apple in London have kindly penned me in for a presentation at their London store in February and it’s got me thinking about what I want to say. It’ll be the third time, but something’s changed.
The first was 2006; I’d just won the US Knight Batten Awards for Innovation in Journalism. It was all a bit surreal. Then there was 2009, which I remember because a documentary maker and scholar attended and then wrote a book which featured the talk. But this time it’s different.
It’s different because what I now know, I did not back then, and what I now know has deeply affected me in a heightened way. I feel the need to pass this on.

Me: You know that thing I’d been studying.
Woman character: Yeah.
Me: The examiners looked at it.
Woman character: They did?
Me: I now know the secret to creating compelling stories.
Woman character: Me, you’re scaring me.
Secret, perhaps is too mawkish a word, because the form already exists. You probably know already, but I have spent the last six years trying to prove and disprove what I think I know through a PhD.
The journey hasn’t been all pleasant. I have re-written the text more times than I would have cared for. But I have come to learn something else in the process. What’s not inside the thesis (book) is just as important as what I have left in.
If my ambition was to write about the theory of everything in story form, believe me, I would have wanted to, but it’s impossible and impracticable ~ and it took a while before that sunk in.
I have also learned and been humbled by the process knowing that there is no such thing as ultimate. It’s a fictitious word dependent on an individual’s perception. Your ability to tell a story and mine may be different. I might perceive yours as better, but that formula may change when we play around with the theme in different cultures and periods.
I might like the film Inbetweeners, though that’s questionable. You might think it puerile. Same film, different tastes, but we can can attempt to standardise our perceptions by framing the parameters we’re using to examine the product.
So my Apple talk has me thinking about the aspiration and mechanisms to to telling great stories and the things that can be grasped and generalised. But the story form I have chosen has a problem for many practitioners because they, or you, might consider that what I am doing is highly unconventional.
I’m wanting to tell cinematic stories in journalism and news.
GY^%$£@!! I know, I know. If you work in news, this is the bit where you leave this text thinking, this guy is from the funny farm, or you’re cutting me some slack for a minute.
The thing that sticks in the craw is ‘cinema and journalism are two different entities, and why would you want to mix the two?’, you might ask.
The last question first. I love cinema. Who doesn’t. I love being lost in a good movie and being transported into its magical, as well as realistic worlds. One of my top three films is Robert Redford’s A River Runs Through It.

‘You talking to me…You talking to me!! ‘You had me at hello’… ‘You’re going to need a bigger boat’. Name the film?
Yep ! A history of story form shows how we all love stories. We need stories to survive. The chat with your mum, the bosses instructions, story, story, story.
When we wrap these vignettes of mini stories, instructions, and conversations together, we can conceive a form of story that fulfils us in a certain way. A form first delivered on film we call cinema. We call it cinema not just because it’s shown in a cinema theatre, but from the way it’s put together. Another form we might come across is journalism or documentary, because of the way it’s perceived.
In 2o12, I created my own experiment with my Masters students. Oh I forgot to say I’m a senior lecturer in documentary journalism at the University of Westminster.

I took the same event and produced it in different ways and when I had finished producing the film I asked the students what they thought.
To them one was journalism and the other was like cinema, or to more specific, cinematic.
Then a month latter I asked them. ‘So, do you all remember those two films I showed you a month ago, which one do you remember?’ Most of them remembered the cinematic film.
Mmmm, so there’s something in this. Based on my students (and its generally universal, read Metz) we tend to remember a cinematic story, more than we do if its designed journalistically.
Now this is a generalisation, because some well crafted journalism can also be considered cinematic or cinema — the latter term is more difficult to sustain. Take the BBC’s Michael Buerk’s Somalia story in 1984. Try and imagine yourself in 1984 watching this.
That’s the first reason why cinematics should be taken seriously - we remember the product. But you might still be left in doubt about my silliness in attempting to tell a true story in cinematic form, when it should be told journalistically.
Here’s where I have been pondering this morning how I might do this at Apple and make it highly entertaining and I think I have got the idea.
Rather than reference some of the people I have in my presentation, why not have them with me. So at the appropriate time I’d like to bring to the front one of the UK bands tipped to be big this year to play one of their tracks; then a world expert in mobile camera filmmaking, and lastly a fictional filmmaking who’s last film is doing rather well on iTunes.
Each one of them provides a specific something that adds to the cinemacity of a film and why, perhaps we tend to remember what we’ve seen or heard.
Supporting them will also be people I have interviewed for my project. One of those is the great, and now late Robert Drew. Drew and his colleagues made one of the most important films in the last century, which remains equally significant now. It was the first film to document a presidential race in the US which featured senator JohnKennedy, who would soon become the next president, Primary.

Drew posed the same question I did 50 years earlier. Why can’t journalism be more cinematic?
His work would attract the name ‘Direct Cinema’ or ‘Cinema Verite’.
Drew fundamentally changed journalism, but the new journalism fraternity back then (TV journalism was just over a decade old) remained stubbornly resolute against his ideas.
Drew tells me why. From our talks my journey opens new territory.
In the 1990s I worked at Channel 4 and some time as a freelance at ITN, so another interviewee who I managed to get was Deborah Turness. Turness, seen here from my video interview, was just about to become one of the world’s most powerful women in news. She is now the President of News at NBC News and what she says is enlightening.

But I don’t want to make the talk theoretical. It should be a celebration of the changes we’re going through and how the feat of making news cinematic first suggested in the 1940s, and rejected, is now having its day.
We’ve seen glimpses of cinematic storytelling in Vice and Mediastorm, and the work of Kurt Lancaster and my reckoning is in 2015 onwards we’re going to see more.
Monday, December 08, 2014
10 tips for what makes an absorbing online news article?
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As
journalists we must accept some truths.
In digital, YouTubers create incredible
videos, citizen journalists present a case that learning journalism is redundant,
whilst bloggers can beat their chest that they stopped a democratic nominee
from running for US president.
When digital is remembered for its many
characteristics, one key point is how it showed up traditional journalism to be
found wanting. It’s almost not enough that you can now blog, podcast, be a
videojournalist, social network and code, because that has become the norm.
So what separates a trained journalist from
a citizen journalist? That’s a question worth debating. But in the meantime,
what’s expected from you when you write an article for online.
Here’s ten tips.
1.
Anything can become a story,
but inherent in the story must be its news worthiness. A story about cats in
trees is a news story -– depending on the circumstances. Yet it may not carry
as much newsworthiness as a crime story, a financial story, a health story, a
legal story etc. The more topical and newsworthy the story, the more you make
yourself an asset in the newsroom. Newsworthiness is also dependent on the
audience.
2.
Events exists, stories are
found and synthesised. There is a premium an editor attaches to a story
constructed from primary sources, compared to one which Ex- BBC Chief Pat Loughry refers to
as “air conditioned journalism”. In the latter case, the story is a recycle of
existing stories on the main news networks. If they already exist on mainstream
news ask the question, ‘what value am I bringing to this existing story?’
3.
An air conditioned story,
however, can be transformed by showing originality, finding a new angle and
contacting your sources to move on the story. That also shows initiative.
4.
We can make the assumption that
some bloggers, who have not trained as journalists, can write truly well, so
what does the journalist offer in the writing form? Answer: a comprehension of the conventions
that make an article receptive to an audience. These conventions can generally be
observed on BBC’s News online or the HBR
blog link.
5.
The conventions of writing
online include an adherence to Jakob Nielsen’s rules (see Blackboard).
6.
Attribution separates an
article from being an opinion piece. Opinion pieces have a place in journalism,
but the bread and butter of journalism is ‘objective’ writing.
7.
Links matter and the quality of
links matter too. Knowing what to link from in your text is a skill worth
knowing.
8.
Presentation is key. It
provides the feeling of professionalism. Presentation involves some basic
attributes and how a pro-looking news page looks. There is no fixed template,
but the more relevant media play a role in supporting the writing, the more appealing, often, the
story looks.
9.
Demonstration of discussion in
the crowd or colleagues. This may have little consequence until the journalist realises,
in hindsight, they were not being self-reflexive enough – which will be
illustrated on their log.
10. Journalism is a cultural
convention influenced by social conventions and literary styles that change
over time. These conventions matter, but so does your individual style.
Sometimes your own style requires being toned down; sometimes it doesn’t. It’s
a matter of choice. Either way enjoy your writing and how you’ve learned to be
critical of your work.
p.s and yes there are no links on this post :(
p.s and yes there are no links on this post :(
Wednesday, December 03, 2014
How to Pass a Masters programme ( in Journalism too)
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No, not golf!
If you’re one of the selected, or have earned your self a place on a Masters programmes – congratulations.
If you’re one of the selected, or have earned your self a place on a Masters programmes – congratulations.
You’re about to embark on a learning
experience that will equip you with skills that will assist you in your chosen
career.
Hiffington Post writes there are many reasons why you’d want to do a Masters, for example
- to further your job prospects in your company. A Masters is used in employment to differentiate individuals for promotion.
- Some want an MA as a trophy.
- The title Masters (in journalism) after your name can alter the perception of those privy to this around you. One of the true worths of a Masters is as a finishing house.
- It’s the last big door that separates you from your chosen door.
But gaining an MA comes at considerable
cost to you the individual. The most obvious, but misunderstood is the new
cultural and social change, and implicit contract, that awaits you.
If you’ve never done a Masters before, how
do you know what it’s like? It’s an environment which asks a level of
interpersonal, analytical and critical skills that you’re unlikely to have
witnessed in a previous learning environment.
An MA in journalism, for instance, is
compounded by a phenomenon, which emerged around 2000. There’s a fair chance
that you may not have prior experience in the media. In the 1990s and before,
anyone wanting to undertake an MA had to demonstrate a working knowledge of
association with a media form e.g. working for a radio station or newspaper.
It showed a commitment to your chosen
career, but also meant you had some concrete knowledge of the industry. That
happens less so nowadays. It’s progress, the world has moved on and we’re
encountering a new type of student with a zeal to learn media, but often with
little to none prior experience.
But if you’ve never done a Masters, then
you’re relying on tacit knowledge of how things were in your undergraduate
programme. This knowledge bank is transferred to the Masters programme, which
unchecked can create problems.
For instance, you have a recollection of how
lectures and independent learning was. You might even confess that in your BA
you got by with the minimum of work. Well on the MA that’s one of the first
shocks, the amount of work that you’re designed to do can seem relentless.
Firstly, it’s not your fault. How were you to
know? So the university prepares you for this by a number of strategies. A
module handbook becomes a vital interface. Everything you want to know is in
that document. It took painful hours to make to cover every base you’re likely
to encounter. It’s not just worth reading. It needs to be read. That’s a shock in itself, because you’ve
likely never had to ‘put up’ with reading such a dry document.
Then lectures will engage with your over
what’s required. Often there’s no redundancy in their delivery. But to you
unless the information has a critical bearing – a need to know to facilitate a
particular task – it may mean nothing to you. Lecturers will often repeat
themes. But the expectation of your critical thinking should build upon these
knowledge nodes.
For instance, in the module handbook are a
list of books designed to assist you. A lecturer will make suggestions to the
list and herein lies another cultural shock. Independent learning is a major
theme of an MA. The level of learning required of you after lectures to
successfully pass an MA is enough to put you off doing an MA if you knew. But
you didn’t back when you applying – and now it seems, well just an add-on that
you could do without.
Here’s a list of ten things you might consider
that will help you pass your Masters.
- Understanding the institutional environment. If you’ve never done a Masters, seek out previous students and ask them what is expected.
- Respecting your environment. The MA you’ve come to is an environment you’ve walked into. It changes every year. Learn how to gather information about the environment and synthesis this to make sense. You do it anyway by talking amongst each other. Put together a series of points which provides probable solutions how to navigate the route by sharing ideas.
- Manage your Lectures. Everyone reads everyone. You read your lectures, your friends, and make judgments about them. Everyone does it. Monaco, a respected scholar in film said anyone can read a film, but not many people know how to interpret it. He’s right! Interpretation is a skill that is learned, critical skills requires continual honing. Once ever so often, a student might claim that a lecturer favours some students, and not others. That could be the case, but more often than not, some students know how to manage their lecturers to get the most out of them. Managing means many things.
- Read the lecturer. There’s a strong correlation between the way we write and the way we talk. So if you’re familiar with the way a lecturer sounds, in all likelihood a critique will be in the same tone – even when the written remarks seem terse or spartan to you. Seek clarification by approaching the lecturer. Often the lecturer may ask you come and see them.
- The respect thing. Most lecturers will address you in emails as ‘Dear’ or ‘Hello’, rarely ‘Hi’ and never ‘Hey’. This level of communication is an extension of the respect they accord you, even when it comes to calling you by first names. Note in many US and some UK institutions the university insists you call each other by surnames. The reason for this is to attain and sustain that professional relationship. Just as you expect the respect you feel you deserve, so do lecturers.
- Perceptions. You read your lectures, and they read you. Their level of reading is based on a professional interpretation – to separate personal feelings from professional ones. They come to understand you by cues and behaviours you give off. Everyone starts off as a ‘vessel’ without much to go on. As time goes on your behavior e.g. lateness, nonchalance, exuberance, determination shapes how you are received. This has a significant impact on shaping the faculty’s perception of you. So for instance, if you have a habit of being late to lectures that may reflect upon a critical decision when it comes to handing in a piece of late work. Likewise, if you demonstrate attention to detail and possess a record of due diligence, this is noted when faculty might be discussing a crucial issue surrounding marked work, when there is a contentious issue.
- Understanding how faculties work. If you feel you need to have an issue addressed, talk to your lecturer. If you get no joy, go back and say why, and if that doesn’t work go up the chain of titles. Going straight up the chain has its merits, particularly where the lecture-student relationship has broken down irrevocably. But more often than not faculty talk about students, so your issue will most likely have been raised in ongoing department meetings.
- Give back more, and more will
come. Secretly, if not openly, your lecturer is willing you on to do well. Many
lecturers carry a sense of pride seeing you graduate and climb the slippery
ladder of media. Some lecturer-student become life long relations of the mutual
respect club. So, intellectual rigour and a sense of self during your Masters
tenure sets up this invigorating relationship. The give more principle is
predicated on the understanding that, not only have you met the brief of the
assignment, but you’ve in your down moments demonstrated a zeal to do other
things related to the course. It’s no wonder you get spoken about in social
meetings.
- Test you assumptions. You believe you know what you know, because you’ve known this before, but sometimes you don’t know, and what’s more you don’t know you don’t know. This version of Johari’s window, created in 1955, which in contemporary language has been recited as Rumsfeld’s garble, is common in advanced learning. If you’ve not done a Masters before, you’re now in the ‘testing your assumptions’ game.
- Enjoy what is a stimulating environment, which ‘blink’ and its gone. It will come to pass, and more often than not mostly you’ll look back on the Masters days with fondness ( hopefully) of shared times and jokes about those frustrating habits of lecturers. Mine references the Matrix and Morpheus saying ‘Again’. If you ever watch 8 Days – a film about the UK’s first regional newspaper journalists learning to become videojournalists, it’s built on ‘Again’. Enjoy the ride of the MA programme and its resources. It’s designed to help you. If you’re in troubles of sorts, seek mitigating circumstances. Respect the programme and it will respect you. And if you’re planning on a PhD, well, that’s a different kettle of fish entirely
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